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Four Resistor
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The Battery Management System

Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG is one of the world leaders in the manufacture of Battery Management Systems. To some, BMS may simply mean a battery monitoring system that checks and controls the important operational parameters and also protects the battery by disconnecting it from charger or load, if the parameters exceed prescribed limits. To power or plant engineers, the BMS serves as a defense against outages in power or telecommunications networks and has to be kept in readiness to deliver power whenever the need arises.

 

What Is Battery Management System?

 

A Battery Management is an electronic system that monitors, manages and provides data on a rechargeable battery. From a simple passive regulator across cells, which can bypass charging current when the cell voltage reaches a certain level, to active regulators that can turn on a load when required so that the battery achieves a balance in both cases, BMS technology offers a wide range in complexity and performance.

 

Categories Of BMS Topology

 

Modern BMS technology by and large, falls in 3 categories - centralized distributed and modular. In centralized, a single controller is connected to the battery cells through a series of wires. The distributed type has a BMS board attached to each cell, while the modular type consists of a few controllers, each managing a group of cells. The centralized BMSs are the cheapest; they are also the least expandable; and have a multitude of wires, producing what is referred to as the spaghetti effect. Distributed BMSs, on the other hand, are easiest to install with no spaghetti effect, but are also the most expensive. The desirable features of the other two BMS topologies are combined in the modular BMS.

 

 

The Major Functions Of The BMS

 

Monitoring, reporting data and protection are the key objectives of BMS. It monitors the state of the battery with respect to operational parameters like voltage, temperature, charge level, air and current flow as well as overall condition of the battery. Further, the BMS can also calculate and report data such as Charge Current Limit (CCL), Discharge Current Limit (DCL), total energy delivered from date of manufacture, and also the total operating time since manufacture.  

 

Typically, a battery has a safe operating limit. The BMS protects the battery by ensuring that it works within its safe operating area which includes factors like over-current, over-voltage during charging, under-voltage during discharging, over or under-temperature and over-pressure. The BMS has an internal switch which opens if the battery begins to operate outside its safe mode. The BMS may also instruct the devices attached to the battery to reduce or terminate use if the battery exceeds its safety limits. In addition to these, the BMS also has the facility to control the environment with devices such as heaters, fans or air conditioning.

 

Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG also manufactures a whole range of resistors including Current and Electrical SMD Resistors, High Precision Resistors, Hybrid Mounting Resistors, and Low Ohm Resistors. They are pioneers in SMD-mOhm current-measuring shunt and have set high standards in this technology. Their product series in low-impedance precision resistors have set international standards and satisfies the highest demands.

About the Author

Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG is a company rich in tradition. Its roots stretch back over 500 years in metal smelting and processing. First recorded in 1482, the company has been owned by the Heusler family since 1827. Today it ranks among the world's leading manufacturers of alloys for thermocouple, resistance alloys as well as low-impedance precision and power resistors, and is already setting standards in the new sector of precision measurement. In 2002, the ISA-ASIC achieved industry recognition being the first complete and fully integrated measured value acquisition for electronic Batterymanagement System in automobiles.

What is the time constant when they are connected with the same resistor?

Four identical capacitors are connected with a resistor in two different ways. When they are connected as in part a of the drawing, the time constant to charge up this circuit is 0.85 s. What is the time constant when they are connected with the same resistor as in part b?

http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/courses/crs2216/art/qb/qu/c20/ch20p_99.gif
answer is 0.34 s

In a the equivalent capacitance is 2C

in b it is 1/Ceq = 1/2C + 1/C + 1/C so C eq = 0.4C

So the time constant 0.4/2*0.85 = 0.17s

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